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Bank of Finland Bulletin - Articles on the economy from the Bank of Finland

Bank of Finland Bulletin - Articles on the economy from the Bank of Finland

Johanna Schreck

Senior Economist

Johanna Schreck works as a Senior Economist in the Payment Systems Department.

payments, central bank digital currency (CBDC), emerging technologies

Latest articles and blogs

Analysis Published on 13.06.2025
- Money and payments
What should be done to improve the autonomy of European retail payments?

Europe needs its own means of retail payment and more competition. Whereas domestic payment solutions have emerged in Europe, in Finland payment is almost entirely dependent on international card payments.